Psychology of Diversity Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Brain research of Diversity - Essay Example It concentrated on a little, intently sew South Asian people group in Muncie, Indiana. The individuals in this town are generally Asians who are a piece of the diaspora. She reviews that when she left Muncie in 1981 to head off to college, her mom offered her some guidance †to recollect her Indian legacy. From the start, she was truly baffled, for how might she know her legacy when she experienced childhood in Muncie? She has lived in a nation which respect non-white and non-European as â€Å"outsider† and â€Å"other†. Up to now this setting is as yet experienced by Asians and Latinos in America. In any case, she says that she’s only a youthful grown-up lady of Indian lineage living in a little American city, attempting to comprehend what her legacy was. She centers her paper to that season of history up to today when American has not yet stir to the acknowledgment that she made due with diaspora and movement. Gupta-Carlson said that when Henry Ford spearheaded the mechanical production system and manufactured the car plants that would control America’s customer economy to acclaim, he had no other response yet to acquire the migrant laborers and had them work. He at that point depended vigorously on settler work, yet he attempted to coercively Americanize his laborers. This happened during the 1920s and 1930s. He implemented the prohibitive laws on movement that made a reaction against Chinese, Japanese, Indian, and other Asian pilgrims in rural and logging networks. Portage needed to delete the â€Å"foreign-ness† in his laborers. The most exceedingly awful separation happened at that point. There are numerous different episodes and brutal conditions referenced in the paper of Gupta-Carlson, and the encounters demonstrated not phenomenal. Today, like never before, we despite everything see and witness these events †migration laws against outsiders, working conditions still barbaric and extremely abusive estimates authorized on Asian male as well as on ladies. Not exclusively are these cruel conditions present in the working spot yet in addition

My experience Essay Example for Free

My experience Essay Over the mid year, I traveled to Mission Beach with my loved ones as we do each late spring and Christmas break. Every year we generally take a night to go to our preferred café, Tower 21. The invigorating climate, first class administration, and mouth watering food is the thing that we return for and they never neglect to live up to our desires. This last understanding, in any case, was unique in relation to what we were anticipating. My family and I were all euphoric about getting spruced up and eating heavenly food in the wake of our difficult seven day stretch of burgers and sausages by the open air fire. At the point when we pulled up to the valet for the café we were welcomed with a grin and a speedy valet stopping process. This was not something strange, a greater amount of something anticipated. As we entered the passage of the café, once more, we were welcomed with well disposed appearances that quickly sat us at our held table. Our server at that point went to our table and presented herself pleasantly, similarly as we anticipated. The start of our supper went astoundingly well. Our server and table attendant even had a couple of individual discussions with my family causing us to feel significantly progressively agreeable at the eatery. In any case, by and by, this was something that we generally had the delight of getting a charge out of when it went to the visitor administration. After our tidbits were done, that was the point at which the entire experience changed. Around the bend we could all observe our dishes coming our direction. The dishes were presented with glad faces all around the table. After our server ensured everything had gotten together, she returned to her different tables. Every one of us started to cut into our steaks before us. Quickly you could see frustration on a couple of my relatives faces. What they expected to be a totally medium uncommon steak wound up being a medium well steak. As of now our â€Å"experience† went to a descending slant. My dad brought over the server to inform her concerning our objection. She was sorry for the over cooked steaks and had them sent back to the kitchen for new ones. The chief of the café alongside our server brought over the pristine steaks to ensure they were appropriately cooked. Obviously, this time they were shockingly better than great.

Challenges of Millenial Generation

Difficulties of Millenial Generation Presentation In an association, representatives experience various difficulties that identify with their degree of inspiration and execution. These difficulties incorporate poor working connections among junior and ranking staff, denied working conditions, pitiful pay rates and wages, just as various needs of representatives. These difficulties brings about lackluster showing as workers neglect to meet the set targets and desires for the organization.Advertising We will compose a custom paper test on Challenges of Millenial Generation explicitly for you for just $16.05 $11/page Learn More Lawler (1999) contends that, when representatives neglect to meet authoritative desires, it suggests that there is a huge decrease in profitability, which is probably going to injure its exercises and procedures. To forestall approaching emergencies, an association need to invest the vast majority of its energy settling issues of representatives in angles, for example, time the executives, underperf ormance, participation, and strikes as opposed to utilizing the priceless time in upgrading authoritative efficiency of workers. Consequently, the reason for this article is to inspect the impact of generational clashes and inspiration levels among junior and senior mariners in the naval force. Generational Conflicts In the maritime association, directors are encountering difficulties in tending to generational contrasts among representatives. The difficulties rise since directors have not comprehended various needs of youthful and old mariners. For example, numerous youthful mariners like innovation, cooperation, prompt criticisms, and are serious, while old specialists like norm and routine strategies for tasks. The significant test confronting the association is the erosion made by the alternate points of view and perspectives because of decent variety of generational socioeconomics (Lindner, 1998). Since the association can't address the prerequisites of the new age viably, it h as proceeded with its regular strategies for activities and the board; consequently, discourage the youthful specialists and cause them to lose the energy in their work. Also, numerous youthful specialists are hesitant to take part in the organization’s activities since they see them as obsolete. The association has not successfully perceived the generational contrasts that exist among mariners. In this manner, the association has not coached youthful mariners well as a method for consolidating them into the association to infuse new thoughts and feelings. Joining of new thoughts and sentiments from youthful mariners would improve the association to advance the degree of inspiration, and in this manner, help the efficiency of youthful sailors.Advertising Looking for paper on sociologies? How about we check whether we can support you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More also, old mariners are not set up to embrace new thoughts from youthful mariners since they accept that they don't have any applicable experience. The reluctance of old mariners to tune in to new and new thoughts from youthful mariners has caused youthful mariners to feel second rate, as they accept that the old mariners subvert them. Podmoroff (2005 prescribes associations to suit the necessities of representatives as per their socioeconomics. Inability to suit the necessities of a specific arrangement of workers, for example, the millennial age comprises segregation and underestimation. An association must realize that numerous youthful laborers despite everything need to facilitate their investigations and invest energy with their families; subsequently, the association should give them adaptable working calendars. Inspiration of Employees In the working environment, numerous representatives are not performing ideally in light of the fact that they are not roused. As indicated by Muller (2011), inspiration is a key factor in the executives since it upgrades the exhibition of r epresentatives. As maritime association utilizes incapable administration rehearses, it can't accomplish worker inspiration. Also the association has not utilized compelling administration techniques that spread viewpoints, for example, reasonable treatment of representatives, strengthening, examinations, production of adaptable workplace, and acknowledgment of representatives who perform well. The nonattendance of these inspirational systems unsettle workers since they don't have a vocation plan that characterizes their sets of expectations and employment details as they progress in their activity positions (Jami Clerkin, 2013). The association likewise doesn't engage mariners to improve their dedication in working environment. Moreover, the association doesn't give representatives the force, autonomy, trust, and consolation for them to play out their obligations well.Advertising We will compose a custom paper test on Challenges of Millenial Generation explicitly for you for just $ 16.05 $11/page Learn More The association has not made space for the perspectives and assessments of the considerable number of laborers particularly the youthful and new mariners. Therefore, the way that then administration doesn't give space for youthful mariners to introduce their conclusions and proposals make the association to be coldhearted toward the prerequisites of youthful mariners, and along these lines don't make a sentiment of self-esteem and acknowledgment among youthful mariners. Therefore, the youthful mariners experience a feeling of minimization. Moreover, the association has not made establishments that the administration utilizes in discussing successfully with all mariners regardless of their ages, positions, or levels of understanding. As per Ryan (2012), organizations are fundamental since they make a proper method for conveying among workers in a powerful way. The association has applied complete techniques for correspondence and neglected to comprehend that the youthful age inclines toward individualized types of correspondence, rather than the utilization of reminders and takes note. These acts of the association make a sentiment of discourtesy among youthful mariners that debilitate them, and kill their drive to perform ideally. The board of the Problem To understand these difficulties brought about by the age distinction and absence of inspiration, the association must connect with various techniques outfitted towards making reasonableness in the manner the administration treats and handles its laborers. The association should give all the laborers a stage to introduce their perspectives and thoughts without utilizing the age, work position, or level of involvement with measuring their commitments (Crouse, 2005). Out of this procedure, the administration will get the opportunity to comprehend the prerequisites of the considerable number of laborers and skill to oversee youthful and old mariners in accordance with their necessities. Besides, the administration must make correspondence frameworks that are productive to encourage entry of data starting with one point then onto the next in a quick and effective way (Partridge, 1995). Compelling correspondence empowers youthful and old mariners to introduce their perspectives effectively and rapidly. What's more, the administration should address proposals of both old and youthful mariners in a reasonable way without undue separation and give input in time. It is crucial for the maritime association to comprehend that mariners needs and desires vary across mariners. This is because of the distinction in age, thinking limits, and characters. Martins (2001) affirms that significant clashes that identify with inspiration address matters, for example, working condition, working hours, pay rates and compensation, and the degree of regard and acknowledgment from the organization.Advertising Searching for paper on sociologies? We should check whether we can support you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Find out More Subsequently, to rouse mariners successfully and get the best out of them, the administration must guarantee that laborers have a decent workplace, adaptable working hours, great pay rates, and wages. Besides, the association should treat mariners with value, regard, and reasonableness. The association ought to likewise be prepared to tune in and utilize new thoughts from youthful and old mariners. Reyes (2011) fights that when an association tunes in and utilizes recommendations of workers, it makes a sentiment of regard, self-esteem, and acknowledgment, which spurs representatives to streamline their presentation. In like manner, the association needs to tune in to mariners and apply their thoughts and conclusion as a method for urging them to try sincerely and even source thoughts from different regions, along these lines improving their efficiency. The association should likewise connect with their mariners in ordinary preparing programs so they can make a degree of value among y outhful and old mariners. Great working connections and regard of each mariner paying little mind to age and experience is a factor that the association must see consistently with the goal that it can build inspiration and execution of mariners. End The distinction in perspectives and assessments of laborers happens in numerous associations. What's more, absence of inspiration among representatives is regular in various associations. In the maritime association, old and senior workers look downward on the youthful mariners, which cause them to feel substandard and underestimated, and therefore cause generational clashes. In any case, the board of the maritime association must foundation strategies and measures that limit or forestall generational clashes and increment inspiration of representatives just as the drive to work. The maritime association ought to likewise upgrade collaboration and great connections among its workers. It must urge all laborers to receive and apply qualiti es, for example, love, regard, duty, responsibility, and decency. Standard preparing of laborers will furnish them with important aptitudes that are fundamental in the utilization present day advances that are in accordance with the prerequisites of the youthful age, and accordingly increment the degree of inspiration in the youthful age and improve their efficiency. The administration of the maritime association can likewise incorporate workers’ delegates during detailing and usage of strategies with respect to

Essay about Slavery In America - 1499 Words

Slavery in America Introduction There has been much debate on the topic of slavery in the early times, although most of the countries considered slavery as a criminal activity. Some countries such as Myanmar and Sudan do not abolish it. They even expedite the slavery system. It is no doubt that slavery violent the human rights. However, it was commonly spread in the early times from 17th to 19th century. In this research, I will talk about the origin of the slavery, the reasons for people to becoming slave and the life of the slave. The Definition of slavery In 1926, the Slavery Convention defined slavery as ...the status or condition of a person over whom any or all of the powers attaching to the right of ownership are†¦show more content†¦Large amount of land and labor were required in the Tobacco agriculture. At first, these workers were mainly come from England itself and the promise of land attracted many workers. Later, the industry of Tobacco spread from Caribbean to Virginia. As a reason, colonists spread from one colony to another. At that time, the Dutch slave traders enslaved Africans to fill the needs of labor. This model was followed by the English. Many Africans became slave involuntarily and the first African slaves arrived in mainland North America in late August of 1619 when a ship carrying slaves from Africa docked in Jamestown, Virginia. They were different from indentured workers by their endless term of service. In the mid-1660s, the landlords of the Virginia in North America wanted to make profit as they had already done in Caribbean. They attracted the Caribbean and the English workers with the freedom of religious and the expansion of rights for the English. At the same time, the Tobacco agriculture played an important role in the economic of Virginia. Since the profit was so observable, the settlers acquired land by taking the land of the Native American. They recruited workers from England which was the large part of labor in Virginia until 1680s. By the 1710, Slavery system was well established and was accepted by the law in the 13 colonies. Slavery was an important part of economic structure until it was abolished in June 13, 1774. After the Freedom Ordinance inShow MoreRelatedThe Slavery Of America And America1168 Words   |  5 PagesIn 1619, there was a Dutch ship that arrived in America to trade for food. But instead of an object, such as silk or wine, they were trading humans. These humans were Africans who were not treated as normal human beings, but as if they were just an object or animal. On their voyage over to America, all the slaves were crammed into the lower part of the ship. They were forbidden to move and had to remain lying down for the entire voyage. For those on the ship to be sure the slaves were not causingRead MoreSlavery in America941 Words   |  4 PagesSlavery in America Does anyone know who really started slavery? Slavery first took place in North America, 1619 at a British colony of Jamestown Virginia† (Boles, John). This caused slavery to spread throughout the American colonies. Slavery had a huge impact on America and still does till this day. Slavery was nothing new when it came to America. It’s been going on since before the 1400’s.†Slavery had existed in Europe from classical times and did not disappear with the collapse of the Roman Empire†Read MoreSlavery in America1124 Words   |  5 PagesEveryone knows that slavery in America was a difficult time for African Americans. But do people truly understand how hard it was for the African American female slaves? Harriet Jacobs goes into detail about her life as a slave and gives the female perspective under the alias Linda Brent in the novel Incidents in the Life of a Slave Girl. She states that everything she says in the book is completely true. There are stereo types of black women during this time: being looked upon as sexual objects andRead MoreThe Slavery Of Slavery And The Colonization Of America941 Words   |  4 PagesProblem of Slavery Introduction The slavery is a relationship established between two individuals and involves the complete and absolute control of each other. Usually, this domain is established from the force, becoming the slave of an object or possession of the owner, so you end up losing not only their freedom but also their humanity and dignity being. The cases of slavery in the history of humanity are many and are always imbued with very bloody and very violent stories as they pose most absoluteRead MoreSlavery in America743 Words   |  3 Pagestrees along the riverbank were bent with swinging corpses – a grisly warning to others dreaming of liberty. Other planters resisted emancipation more legalistically, stubbornly protesting that slavery was lawful until state legislatures or the Supreme Court declared otherwise. For many slaves the shackles of slavery were not struck off in a mighty single blow but had to be broken link by link. Prodded by the bayonets of Yankee armies all masters were eventually forced to recognize their slaves’Read MoreSlavery in America Art1205 Words   |  5 Pagesdebated, but ultimately the Civil War surrounded the legality of slavery in America. Everyone knows that Abraham Lincoln ended the ability to legally own slaves, therefore freeing slaves. Before Abraham Lincoln ended slavery, many slaves found freedom for themselves by running away to the northern states where slavery was illegal. Eastman Johnson, an American painter of the nineteenth century, depicts an African-American family fleeing slavery during the Civil War in his oil-painting titled A Ride to LibertyRead MoreSlavery And Its Impact On America1353 Words   |  6 Pages Slavery in America had a tight hold over the southern half. It was primarily located in the southern portion and African American slaves were held on large plantations and out in the fields. Some were even leased into the industrializing fa ctories. Ever since slavery in America started, slaves were considered property. Every black person was a white persons â€Å"property†. Now American had a belief, a belief that every man were entitled to God-given rights. The rights could not be stripped fromRead MoreSlavery And The Making Of America1412 Words   |  6 PagesThe film â€Å"Slavery and The Making Of America† covered the beginning of American slavery in the British colonies until the end of slavery in the southern states and post-civil war reconstruction. This film shows viewers remarkable stories of individual slaves, providing new perspectives on how unjust the slaves experiences were, and besides all the trouble they were facing still having to survive and shape their own lives. The British colonies in North America had an abundance of land and a scarcityRead MoreEssay on Slavery In America1014 Words   |  5 Pages nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Slavery in America stems well back to when the new world was first discovered and was led by the country to start the African Slave Trade-Portugal. The African Slave Trade was first exploited for plantations in the Caribbean, and eventually reached the southern coasts of America. The African natives were of all ages and sexes. Women usually worked in the homes cooking and cleaning, while men were sent out into the plantations to farm. Young girls would usuallyRead MoreThe History of Slavery in the Americas732 Words   |  3 Pageswork very hard on plantations and in mines. In the early 17th century, European settlers in North America turned to African slaves as an inexpensive, harder labored source, much better than indentured servants (who were mostly poor Europeans). In 1619, a Dutch ship brought 20 African Americans to the British colonies of Jamestown, Virginia, Charleston, and mostly any other big cities on the cost. Slavery spread throughout the American colonies pretty fast. It is impossible to give an exact number,

Topic The Moral And Social Underdevelopment In Dublin

Topic: The moral and social underdevelopment in Dublin life in James Joyce s short stories â€Å"The Little Cloud† and â€Å" After The Race†. In James Joyce’s short stories there is always an opportunity for spiritual growth for the characters, but almost always this possibility remains unrealized. The main characters are always faced with a wall, beyond which they can’t see hope. They always feel depression or melancholy because of a lack of harmony, along with the sense that their happiness is unattainable. Jimmy and Little Chandler show the desire to gain freedom both in the world and within themselves. But in the world depicted by the writer, there are no full-fledged, harmonious relations between people. Social relationships are distorted†¦show more content†¦They drank Ireland, England, France, Hungary, the United States of America!†¦.What jovial fellow! What good company they were! (Joyce, 40-41). At first glance, the author presented Jimmy as a young man thirsting for life, as if he is untouched by the stagnation that paralyzed the Dublin. But inside, he is the same son of a â€Å"dead † Dublin as the Little Chandler in the â€Å"A Little Cloud†. Feelings of Jimmy are felt in the construction of phrases, in exclamations, individual remarks and it shows how happy he is. But the author s corrections to the point of view of the hero are significant. Although, they are done gently, without pressure, in semitones: That night the city wore the mask of a capital (Joyce, 39). This phrase clearly belongs more to the author than to the main character, but have a connection to the main character also. Behind the author s irony clearly sounds a bitter soreness for his compatriots, for the wasted youth of the Dubliners, their ambitions to be like â€Å"them†. After The Race is not just a story about a merry party held by four very young people, but also correlate with historical situation of Ireland in the end of XIX century. This is a story about Dublin, about the sad fate of his youth in it. The dramatic motif of wasted life sounds very deep in the su btext of the story. After The Race is a brilliant example of how the author, behind the narrative of seemingly insignificant events, can convey

Essay on The Music That Comes from Instruments - 915 Words

Music would not be music if it were not for the sound produced by an object we know of as an instrument. â€Å"A musical instrument is a device created or adapted to make musical sounds (Oxford dictionary (British World English)).† Music dates back to many years and even before electrical instruments humans alway found a way to create sound. Whether it was by clapping, singing or humming people alway created ways to create sound. Although not a proven fact, I strongly believe music is a way to connect oneself emotionally. Music will and alway be a way for individuals to express their emotions such as, sadness, excitement, happiness and anger. However, music will not be music if it weren’t for the sounds produced by the instruments. There are†¦show more content†¦To play this instrument, first, one must choose which saxophone they want to play. Yes, Saxophones come in different sizes and tunes. â€Å"The most common (and most practical) ones to play are the soprano, alto, tenor, and baritone. Saxophones are generally classified into one of two families... the military band family (that includes mainly Eb and Bb saxes, alternating in tuning) and the orchestral family that includes the less popular saxophones in C and F (How to Get Started with the Saxophone).† The military band family consist of the Soprillo, Sopranino, Soprano, Alto, Tenor, Baritone, Bass, Contrabass and the subcontrabass (also known as the Tubax) (Saxophone). The Orchestral Family consist of C-Soprano, Mezzo-Soprano and the C-Melody (Saxophone). Not only do you need the instrument, but you need accessories also to accompany the Saxophone. First, you will need a mouthpiece, a ligature, reeds, a neck-strap, swab, fingering chart and method books. The Saxophone is an instrument the sounds awesome and is an instrument played by many great musicians such as Charlie Parker, John Coltrane, Jimmy Dorey, etc. The next instrument I find to be interesting is the Accordion. â€Å"The Accordion is a portable wind instrument consisting of two reed organs connected by a folding bellows. Expanding and contracting the bellows provides air to vibrate the reed organs producing the sounds. It is also known as a squeeze box because of thisShow MoreRelatedEffects Of Listening On Mozart s Music1357 Words   |  6 Pagesincreased when they learn to play an instrument. The studies discuss the â€Å"Mozart Effect,† which says that listening to Mozart’s music can increase a child’s ability for spatial reasoning, as well as help brain development. The studies also cite the fact that many of history’s most intelligent men, like Albert Einstein and Benjamin Franklin, played one or more musical instruments. These studies are wrong. Students should not be required to learn an instrument, because it does not help them performRead MoreThe Arab Republic Of Egypt1044 Words   |  5 Pageslived in Alexandria. Being that my great grandparents were from Jerusalem, my grandparents were extremely proud to be born and raised as a Jew in Egypt. Around the age of 18 years old, my grandparents and their families were kicked out of Egypt because of their religion. Nasser insisted that all Jews flee Egypt immediately or they would be thrown in jail. Since my family had no other choice but to leave their home country, they decided to come to New York to try and start a new life. Although it wasRead MoreKorean Music And Its Effects Essay1564 Words   |  7 PagesKorean music had its development from early 1900s. Even though the country suffered suppression from Imperial Japan from 1905 to 1945, the growth in music was unstoppable. There are diverse kinds of music that Koreans have produced which portraits emotions, historical background stories, ritual significance, and more. Within its history, Korean traditional music has lived years of continuation. Korean music diverse in its style with distinct sounds that are made from unique Ko rean instruments and thoseRead MoreWhat Kind Of Music Is Acoustic Music?1731 Words   |  7 PagesGuitar What kind of music is acoustic music? Based on its sound, music can be categorized into various types. Acoustic music is music that solely or primarily uses instruments that produce sound through acoustic means, as opposed to electric or electronic means. The retronym acoustic music appeared after the advent of electric instruments, such as the electric guitar, electric violin, electric organ and synthesizer. People usually think acoustical music and electronic music is similar. But thereRead MoreThe Mix Of The Western World1310 Words   |  6 Pagesreport for music history! The concert was held on September 17, 2016 approximately near Wall Street in Manhattan. The concert was hosted by the company- Alwan for the Arts with an ensemble. The ensemble consisted of several people. There were about 4-5 singers to sing along to the instruments. The instruments that consisted in this specific ensemble were the oud- an instrument that belongs to the string family, the cello- an instrument also belonging to the string fam ily, the qunan- an instrument consistingRead MoreThe Effects Of Musical Instruments On Music890 Words   |  4 Pagescertain tones that help distinguish them from another item. For instance, when a child hears a cartoon playing in another room then they are residing in, the brain can tell if the voices they hear are from SpongeBob, or Looney Tunes. The same process happens with musical instruments, although the actual term to describe it is timbre. Timbre describes all characteristics of music that have nothing to do with pitch, loudness, or length. An example of timbre within music would be when a piccolo and a clarinetRead MoreThe Function Of The Song Beijing Welcomes You By Ke Zhaolei1340 Words   |  6 PagesMusic can be found everywhere in our world and has many different functions. Since music is universal it is important to understand the way describe music using terms such as timbre, pitch, rhythm and dynamics as well as keeping in mind the social, cultural and political r oles that music falls into. The song â€Å"Beijing Welcomes You† is a chinese song composed by Ke Zhaolei for the 2008 Beijing olympics and features many different artists from Asia. This recorded piece of music is a representation ofRead MoreThe Aspects Of Roman Life Regarding Music1289 Words   |  6 PagesThe feelings that the Ancient Romans had towards music could be described as ambivalent. They admired it and at the same time, they condemned it. Music, nevertheless, played a role in Roman society that, as time passed, became less and less important to the Romans. As a result, much of the information about music in Ancient Rome has been lost in time. However what has been discovered about this topic is quite fascinating, in spite of what it is lacking. The subsequent paragraphs will explain someRead MoreMusical Instruments Speech1284 Words   |  6 PagesMusical Instruments The Chinese philosopher Confucius said long ago that â€Å"Music produces a kind of pleasure which human nature cannot do without.† Being able to play any musical instrument is extremely satisfying. This includes everyone from the person who has mastered her instrument right down to the beginner who knows only a few chords. I personally believe that if theres one thing you should learn in your lifetime, its how to play an instrument. Learning to play a musical instrument offersRead MoreThe Jazz : A Music Genre1078 Words   |  5 PagesName: Sofia Endara Research Paper Jazz The Jazz is a music genre that was developed from the traditions of West Africa, Europe and North America. It arises specifically in New Orleans, Louisiana, home of musical style, where was a large consignments of slaves, mainly western Africa. That is why the jazz comes from the combination of three traditions: the native American, African and European. The African-American community in South America developed its musical expression through creative improvisation

Leadership Research and Leadership Studies †MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about the Leadership Research and Leadership Studies. Answer: Introduction Amazon.com, Inc. is a company that deals in electronic business and cloud computing. It was founded in July 1994 by Jeff Bezos. The company is based in The USA, Seatale, Washington DC. Amazon is a tech giant and by market capitalization and revenue, it is the top internet retailer and in terms of overall sales, it is second with Alibaba toping. Its online website started as a bookstore but currently it has been diversifie to selling electronics, furniture, jewellery, food stuffs, audio, video and sofwares etc. Under its brand Amazon basics, it also deals in products that are low-ends. By the end of 2014, the online shopping company had 566, 000 employees. According to Carr (2017), mission statements should push organizations/ companies to accomplish their desired success in business. The business success is accredited to the mission and vision statements. Its mission statement and vision is to be earth's most customer-centric company; to build a place where people can come to find an d discover anything they might want to buy online. An organizations success should be contributed to their resolute obligation and consistent execution of their mission and vision. An organizations value guides the organization actions and their perspectives and in turn guides and aids in describing its culture and beliefs (Jagelman, 2005). Values assist in confronting issues or problems. Amazons have values which also double up as their principles. These include; Customer obsession, Ownership, Hire and develop the best, Think big, Invent and simplify, Frugality, Bias for action, Dive deep, Vocal self-critical, Insist on the highest standards, ackbone and Deliver Results. Through putting down values, Amazon lays out its various expectations for its members. Organisations culture are the organizations underlying values, beliefs and assumptions that contributes to their distinct psychological and social work environment (Ovide, 2018). Amazon has pride in its organization having a reputation of working hard. According to DuBrin et. al, (2005), notes that Amazon has a culture that works incredibly hard. Their expectations and standards are described from their phrase unreasonably high. Change Initiative Change in businesses or organizations advances through little and imperceptible movement. Carr (2017) notes that in firms is normally in nature, change is evolutionary until it reaches a crisis moment that results into a paradigm shift. It is sometimes vital to push the evolutionary process to be able to go for extra rapid change. Change in dysfunctional cultures is an uphill task since its is not easily accepted and thats where good leadership should be incorporated. Organizations that have their leaders adjust to environmental change at the end survive and flourish just like Amazon.com, Inc. The leaders at Amazon have been in a position to change online shopping models due to change in competition and business environment. The leaders at the organization jolted the process of evolutionary change. Ovide (2017) asserts that change is a toll for adjusting to survival. Amazon launched as in 1994 as a model for selling books, through their leaders the company took an approach and identified their customers needs. They worked in a backward manner to to employ new ways to distribute their products and services.Such changes philosophy was based on listening to their customers will lead to failure and not listening will achieve similar results. To respond to changing environment, the company founded a strategy of selling their merchandize over the internet through external networks. They intern converted their competitors into partners who have aided them increasing their customer base via extended product lines Carr (2017). The change for Amazon seemed easy and was aided by a number of factors which include the organizations culture being open to change and the online shopping model was radical. For amazon, the market have responded kindly. To achieve results to nge initiative, the organizations leaders need to manage employee responses, sell change right and use emotional contagion Ovide (2017). Leadership styles and philosophies Jeff Bezo the founder of Amazon.com, Inc relevance in business has been forged through his transformational leadership. Transformational leadership entails instigating change in organizations or firms or businesses, oneself and others (Yi-Feng, 2011). Such leaders always motivate others to go an extra mile than they intended and thought was possible. Such leaders set expectations that are challenging but accomplish a higher performance at the end. Bezos leadership is believed to have followers who are satisfied and committed because such leaders majorly empower their followers. Through Amazons growth it is evident that the leader have abilities of inspiring, envisioning and innovating. The three metrics of transformational leaders are, core repositioning, financial performance and net growth (Miska Mendenhall, 2018). Through core repositioning, organizations in new growth businesses. Amazon has been able to increase its platforms in retails into new categories such as streaming content and food. In net growth, it has been fruitful in creating new products, services and business models. Through financial performance, it has improved its profit growth. At Amazon apart from transformational leadership, other leadership styles are depicted especially from the founder Jeff Bezo. Autocratic leadership is portrayed since in most cases the founder monitors different operations/ activities on his own. Autocratic leadership is focused on the boss who holds all authority and responsibility according to (Bryant, 2017). He also posses strategic leadership as he has delivered exceptional strategies that has made the business to be successful. Team leadership style is also painted because he is in a position to give direction and purpose for the business. Team leadership entailed in the organizations vision that provides a vivid sense of purpose plus direction Being a leader in todays fast-paced business world and workplace have extra demands. It entails working with varied teams at times from different locations and time zones. Ospina (2017) points out that, while there are numerous leadership styles, those who are best share common traits. Organizations that have proved to be sustainable and successful have their leader having traits of a successful and powerful leader. At Amazon the key leader Bezo posseses a number of leadership traits. Innovative mind is one of them in that he has been capable of developing a largely renowned e-commerce website. Bezos innovative skills has proved that he is angry of always developing new things like Kindle an E-book device. Gyanchandani (2017) points out that leaders must encourage creativity through encouraging risk experimentation. The leader is also strategically patient but also defensively impatient which is seen in the organizations vision and through the phases the organization has undergone from startup to the current state. Building a team is an effective trait where by the leader admits that it is challenging to invent in the absence of underlying tools. Leaders effectiveness in attending to tasks and relationships Businesses that have been successful have had their leaders having leadership traits of successful and influential leaders. There is also discussion on leadership in the organization creating and maintaining their vision, and their effectiveness in managing conducive environment during the change process. Accomplishing success at the organization, the leaders highlighted how to use suitable tools and techniques to flourish. Human skills enable the use of knowledge and ability to work with various individuals and being aware of their perspectives to accomplish organizations vision. Promoting teamwork is vital to achieving organizational goals, effective communication and nurturing innovation. Perserverance through adversities is a trait that leaders at Amazon posses due to commitment to the organizations vision. The organization has faced challenges and their coonvictions have shown to be great e.g. Bezo noted that he had lost billions of dollar sin projects that failed. Bezo is a risk taker in that through making up his mind to start Amazon, he didnt have sufficient funds and new that there were chances of failing but he persevered and today the organization is among the most successful businesses. Jackson (2017) denotes that best leaders not only are risk takers and have confidence and when challenged, their possibility of giving in is close to impossible. Leaders who come up with the organizations vision always exhibit qualities that make them have the capability of creating and communicating the vision. Vision created should be inclusive to be able to unify their customers. Amazons vision is inclusive in that it targets building platform where its customers find or discover what they need online. The leaders were also able to create a vision that has clarity. Making visions that are easily understood is significant in promoting the organizations brand which reflects in its success. Having a clear vision for the future in a business, distinguishing and being able to take advantage of market opportunities and establishing strong leadership enables it to be upheld (Hoch, 203). Companies that have been successful have had their success attributed to innovation and upholding their vision. At Amazon, the leadership has been capable of maintaining the organizations vision in a number of ways. The company focuses on their customers through innovation and thinking big and thats where there effort is placed. Through stating that they are customer centric indicated that their main focus are their customers through solving customers problems and meeting their need. Cooper, Nieberding and Wanek (2013) demote that the better an organization,s customer service, the better the sales through customer loyalty. The company through their vision build their cutomers an electronic soulmate on their goal of tailored product recommendations. Maintenance of trust, confidence, ethical and legal behaviours Transformational leadership depicted at Amazon entails transformational leadership principles such as motivation, determination, mobilization, innovation and facilitation. In amazons innovations since its foundation has been consistent due to trust that they incorporate in their innovations. Confidence must go on par with risk during innovations which involves a lot of experimenting (Bligh, Pearce, and Kohles, 2006). Transformational leadership metrics such as net growth and core repositioning as noted by Jung and Valero (2015), requires ethics and trust for the metrics to be visible. Amazon has enjoyed the fruits of success through its evolution, which has been due to its strategic leadership style. The exclusive strategies are attained through their employees having trust in their employer. Their customers develop confidence in the products due to the strategic leadership employed. Through strategic leadership, the organization has a policy against discrimination and harassment. Am azon provides equal opportunities in all employment aspects and doesnt allow harassment or discrimination of its employees. Such organizations conducts entails ethics which are achieved through proper leadership. Amazon also posses autocratic leadership where most decisions are made at the top leadership, Amazon acquired Whole foods. This brought it into an interesting problem in the USA antitrust law. It portrays both legal and ethical conducts in its leadership styles. While change is inevitable, various organizations handle it differently and institutions that involves one person, barriers to change normally arise. The organisations employees will act differently to change as some are enthusiastic and will embrace it, others are fearful and most likely will resist (Suk Bong, Kihwan Seung-Wan, 2017). Employee involvement is significant in dealing with barriers to change. It should also include employee den making in order to make them feel valued and have possession in the change result. It is a method that averts too much feedback after change which might cause paralysis. Excellent leadership is required I handling change. Avolio (2014) asserts that excellent leadership on how to execute plans appropriately and good leaders provide focus and motivate for the change. Effective communication also prevent change barriers. It assists in initiating acceptance among the employees and customers. As much as employees need to know bout the change, they al so should be aware of its effects. The organization can ensure that their processes arent complex to make planning and implementation processes easier. Organizatinion complexity can be broken by utilizing a highly effective, quality and diligent change and project management approach. Working in small doses aids in managing change barriers because it doesnt overload employees with instant changes. It makes them focus on easy and digestable chunks knowing that more is on the way. Conflict arises in organization due to change and it is inevitable and in most cases employees or customers are never prepared to handle it. It takes careful strategies to ensure that the impact is not felt or barred completely. Conflicts can easily be dealt with by getting to its root issue, considering all, the parties that are involved and having those involved create a resolution protocol. Handling one issue at a time, timing the conflict and avoiding it also is important. Leaders effectiveness in establishing and maintaining a constructive climate through change process Taking market leadership risks creates conducive environment for the change process. It is in this line that it took Amazon.com, Inc to get its core business transactions from where it was to its current status. At first the company tried Amazon auctions, it then changed to zShops and finally to Amazon Market place. Kohn and OConnel (2007) denotes that invention and failure cant be separated and invention involves experimentation which entails taking risks and good leadership. When employees are made to think like the business owners, then it creates a motivating climate in the work environment. Amazons leadership has been able to attract and retain employees who are motivated and its bonuses and profit sharing enable workers contribute in the companys success. The leadership at the organization has created a culture that is right for the company. The organization never claims hat an approach that they come up with is theirs. A company must not be about a set of goals, but be able to decide on what matters or projects are important be able to repeat them. They should also ensure that employees and customers buys in the important projects or matters. Leaders avoiding bureaucracy create conducive environment through change by empowering people.Comtinuous empowerment results into averting bureaucracy as pointed out by Cole (2012), and to keep innovating, power should be pushed down in the organization. Conclusion Amazon.com, Inc leadership has brought it great success through online shopping idea. Through their leadership skills, the leaders at the organization have used their knowledge and competencies to achieve the organizations vision. Amazons founder Bezo over the years have been able to understand their customers needs. Its with the understanding the top leadership that it has been in a position to transform the organization to focus on its customers needs. Success at the company is attributed to essential leadership skills which include technical kills,conceptual skills and human kills. Bezos clearly highlighted how to use suitable tools and techniques to flourish. Human skills enable use of knowledge and ability to work with various individuals and being aware of their perspectives. Most of the leaders skills were ability to use concepts and skills to work that are key in creating a strategic plan and vision for the organization. The leadership from the organization have high expectat ion from their employees. This has created a more so efficient machine that is capable of making same day deliveries across USA and other parts of the globe. The leadership has a belief that customer is the king making them to centre they focus on what their customers need or what they arent in need of. It is important to note that , effective leaders impact their business effectiveness by inspiring and motivating their workforce. Employees who are loyal and committed expect provision of clear vision from their leadership. References Avolio, B. J. (2014). Examining leadership and organizational behavior across the boundaries of science.Consulting Psychology Journal: Practice And Research,66(4), 288-292. doi:10.1037/cpb0000017 Bligh, M. C., Pearce, C. L., Kohles, J. C. (2006). The importance of self- and shared leadership in team based knowledge work: A meso-level model of leadership dynamics. Journal of Managerial Psychology, 21, 296318. Bryant, A. (2017). The Business of Leadership.Camping Magazine,90(1), 30-33. Carr, A. (2017). The Future Of Retail In The Age Of Amazon.Fast Company, (221), 94-114. Cole, L. (2012). Management: Theory and practice (5e). NSW, Australia. Pearson Australia. Cooper, S. E., Nieberding, A. O., Wanek, R. A. (2013). Successfully restructuring an executive leadership team: A case study in change management.Consulting Psychology Journal: Practice And Research,65(2), 164-175. doi:10.1037/a0033610 DuBrin, A.J, Dalglish, C., Miller, P. (2005) leadership: Secoond Asia Pacific Edition. QLD. John Wiley Sons Australia, Ltd. Gyanchandani, R. (2017). The Effect of Transformational Leadership Style on Team Performance in IT Sector.IUP Journal Of Soft Skills,11(3), 29-44. Hoch, J. E. (2013). Shared leadership and innovation: The role of vertical leadership and employee integrity. Journal of Business and Psychology, 28, 159174. Jackson, T. (2017). Review of Becoming a strategic leader.The Psychologist-Manager Journal,20(4), 288-294. doi:10.1037/mgr0000062 Jagelman, I. (2005). The L factor: Identifying and developing Christian leaders. Cambridge. Open Book Publishers. Jung, K., Valero, J. N. (2015). Understanding and Meeting the Needs of Those Whom They Lead.Public Administration Review,75(5), 773-775. doi:10.1111/puar.12427 Kohn, S., OConnel, V. (2007). 6 habits of high effective teams. New Jersy. Career Press. Miska, C. C., Mendenhall, M. M. (2018). Responsible Leadership: A Mapping of Extant Research and Future Directions.Journal Of Business Ethics,148(1), 117-134. Ospina, S. M. (2017). Collective Leadership and Context in Public Administration: Bridging Public Leadership Research and Leadership Studies.Public Administration Review,77(2), 275-287. Ovide, S. (2018). Amazon's Bottomless Appetite.Bloomberg Businessweek, (4562), 50-53. Suk Bong, C., Kihwan, K., Seung-Wan, K. (2017). Effects Of Transformational And Shared Leadership Styles On Employees' Perception Of Team Effectiveness.Social Behavior Personality: An International Journal,45(3), 377-386. Yi-Feng, Y. (2011). Leadership And Change Commitment In The Life Insurance Service Context In Taiwan: The Mediating-Moderating Role Of Job Satisfaction.Perceptual Motor Skills,112(3), 889-914.

Computer Crime Essays (3095 words) - Software, System Software

Computer Crime Computer Crime It's the weekend, you have nothing to do so you decide to play around on your computer. You turn it on and then start up, you start calling people with your modem, connecting to another world, with people just like you at a button press away. This is all fine but what happens when you start getting into other peoples computer files. Then it becomes a crime, but what is a computer crime really, obviously it involves the use of a computer but what are these crimes. Well they are: Hacking, Phreaking, & Software Piracy. To begin I will start with Hacking, what is hacking. Hacking is basically using your computer to Hack your way into another. They use programs called scanners which randomly dials numbers any generating tones or carriers are recorded. These numbers are looked at by hackers and then used again, when the hacker calls up the number and gets on he's presented with a logon prompt, this is where the hacking really begins, the hacker tries to bypass this anyway he knows how to and tries to gain access to the system. Why do they do it, well lets go to a book and see Avid young computer hackers in their preteens and teens are frequently involved in computer crimes that take the form of trespassing, invasion of privacy, or vandalism. Quite often they are mearly out for a fun and games evening, and they get entangled in the illegal use of their machines without realizing the full import of what they are doing, I have a hard time believing that so lets see what a hacker has to say about what he does Just as they were enthraled with their pursuit of information, so are we. The thrill of the hack is not in breaking the law, it's in the pursuit and capture of knowledge., as you can see the hacker doesn't go out to do destroy things although some do. It's in the pursuit of knowledge. Of course this is still against the law. But where did all of this start, MIT is where hacking started the people there would learn and explore computer systems all around the world. In the views of professional hacking is like drugs or any other addictive substance, it's an addiction for the mind and once started it's difficult to stop. This could be true, as hackers know what they are doing is wrong and they know odds are they will be caught. But as I mentioned some hackers are just above average criminals, using there skills to break in banks and other places where they can get money, or where they can destroy information. What a hacker does at a bank is take a few cents or even a few fractions of a cents from many different accounts this may seem like nothing but when all compiled can be alot. A stick up robber averages about $8,000 each job, and he has to put his life and personal freedom on the line to do it while the computer hacker in the comfort of his own living room averages $500,000 a job. As for people destroying information, this is for taking some one down, destruction of data could end a business which for some is very attractive. It can cost a company thousands of dollars to restore the damage done. Now that you have an understanding of what a hacker is, it time to move on to someone closely associates with a hacker. This is a Phreak, but what is that. For the answer we turn to the what is known as the Official Phreakers Manual Phreak [fr'eek] 1. The action of using mischievous and mostly illegal ways in order to not pay for some sort of telecommunications bill, order, transfer, or other service. It often involves usage of highly illegal boxes and machines in order to defeat the security that is set up to avoid this sort of happening. [fr'eaking] v. 2. A person who uses the above methods of destruction and chaos in order to make a better life for all. A true phreaker will not go against his fellows or narc on people who

Brain Scans essays

Brain Scans essays Brains scans are used to view the brain without actually having cranial surgery. They combine camera images with a computer to give a view of what is going on inside someones or somethings head. Some scans are used to delineate the structure of a disease, other scans are used to find brain injuries or tumors, and still others are used to study how the brain works. There are seven main scans that used for testing today. These include, Electroencephalography (EEG), Positron Emission Tomography (PET), Computerized Tomography (CT), Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI), Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (fMRI), Magneto Encephalography (MEG), and Near-Infrared Spectroscopy (NIRS). An Electroencephalograph is attained by attaching electrodes to the skull, which measure electric brain waves in certain areas of the brain. These waves are then printed out so they can be read and studied. This technique is often used when people are sleeping, and also for testing peoples reactions to certain things. Recently the EEG has been used to distinguish reaction times between people who have never been addicted to drugs or alcohol and people who have been addicted at some point. Scientists play a loud and abrasive noise, along with normal sounds repeated over and over to test the difference in reaction times. The EEG then reports when their reaction is and how long it took. Studies by Henri Begleiter, professor of psychiatry and neuroscience at the State University of New York in Brooklyn, show that a normal person has a reaction time to a normal and predictable sound between 300 to 500 milliseconds. A person who is an alcoholic, even someone who has been abstinent for ma ny years, has a reaction time that is much lower. This shows that they can not distinguish between new sounds and sounds that are predictable. This condition is called hyperexcitability, Begleiter suggests that people at risk for alcoholism inherit a general state o...

Female Designers Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Female Designers - Essay Example In the light of this information, there is a final reflection on my own views on being female and how this affects art production in general, and my own work and career in particular. In Western Culture most classical art has come down to us without any secure artist names attached to it, and so we cannot be sure if, for example Greek statues or Roman mosaics were designed and constructed by women. The likelihood is, however, that the vast majority of artistic items were made by men, because we know that men received a much superior education in literature, art and music, while women were trained for domestic labor and useful craft activities like weaving and needlework . Our mythologies reflect a hierarchy in which the male is the artist and the female is the muse, for example in the Greek myth of Pygmalion where the woman is perceived as a â€Å"blank page† upon which the powerful male writes his desires (Gubar, 1981, 243-246). In the Middle Ages and Renaissance the high pre stige art continued to be done by men, with a few notable exceptions, and the issue here is still that of access to training and materials which is reserved for sons and not daughters. Scholars have noted that by the nineteenth century the forces of â€Å"capitalism, patriarchy and racism† (Cherry, 1993, 11) conspired to make it difficult, but not impossible, for women to become competent professional artists. Because women artists are so few, it is tempting to analyse them as a single category and look for common features that define â€Å"female art† but in fact this does female artists a disservice. If we look with an open mind we will see that they are heterogeneous, innovative and they have engaged in many diverse types of art with different motivations, just like men. Gubar cites Frida Kahlo, â€Å"who presents herself as bound by red cords †¦ is a painter whose tragic physical problems contributed to her feeling wounded, pierced and bleeding† (while Cherry notes the affinity of late nineteenth century female artists in London with the suffragette movement. (Cherry, 1993, 95) For many women artists, their work has provided an avenue to express an alternative reality to the restrictive roles that men have seen fit to allow them. It has been a transformative force in their lives and it is in this light that I consider the Iraqi/British architect and designer Zaha Hadid. Zaha Hadid was born in 1950 to a fairly wealthy Muslim family in Iraq. Her academic career started with studies in Mathematics in Beirut and moved to London where she qualified as an architect. (Encyclopedia of World Biography website, no date). Her work is inspired by a variety of very different sources including ancient Sumerian buildings, Frank Lloyd Wright in American, and an interest in mathematical concepts, as can be seen for example in her her first major work, which was a fire station in Germany with many irregular angles, a feature that she has used in ot her buildings too. It seems that Hadid has chosen to put aside the expectations of tradition, not just in terms of the expectation that a Muslim woman should not aspire to be a successful architect, but also in terms of the parameters for using angles and spaces. Her later, even more famous design of the Cardiff Bay Opera House was rejected and stalled several times before it was finally built.

Nternational Relations Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Nternational Relations - Essay Example This was mainly achieved through the department of security sending us troops to war torn countries to bring peace and also engaging warring groups in peace talks. It is noted that America was greatly involved in the creation of the international court of justice in Yugoslavia to bring to book the perpetrators of crimes during the long period of war that hit the nation (Sewall, Sarah, & Carl). The perpetrators of the Rwandan genocide were also charged before an international court, which was established in Kampala by the efforts of the American government in its bid to ensure international peace and security is maintained at all times. USA has always been in the forefront agitating for global peace, and that can be denoted by its numerous efforts in implementing that very policy. That notwithstanding in 1990 it was the US government that came up with the idea of coming up with an international court that would be responsible of prosecuting individuals who committed certain crimes that jeopardize international peace and security (Sewall, Sarah, & Carl). It is from this idea that the Rome Statue was developed and implemented to create the international criminal court which is responsible of ensuring perpetrators of crimes against humanity are prosecuted and charged according to the procedures of the court regardless of the legal procedures that exist in their respective countries of residence. The US government was committed to the constitution of the Rome statue until it reached a point where the interests of the US governments and those of its citizens were not considered in the provisions that sought to form the international criminal court. It is from this instance that USA decided to cut its cooperation and support of the whole process which would later come to from the ICC (Sewall, Sarah & Carl). USA as the world superpower is involved in a number of

International Organizations and World Order Essay Example for Free

International Organizations and World Order Essay After First World War, there was call for formation of international organization to bring order in the world. The notion led to the formation of the League of Nations due to the conviction of the then president of the United States of America, President Woodrow Wilson who was certain that the move would prevent future conflict if only nations would come together to defend the principles of self-determination and independence. The progress of the League of Nations was thwarted when the United States refused to join it. It was also thwarted by the extremist political ideologies and power rivalry that existed at that time in history, which was 1930s. Due to the outbreak of Second World War that ended in 1945, there was more concern that led to the formation of another international organization in the name of United Nations. The Bretton woods conference, which is the reason for the existence International Monetary Fund, and the World Bank as well as the Dumbarton Oaks Conference came to existence in 1944. The foundation do the United Nation was laid by the allies of the organization (Owen, 1996). According to Owen (1996, p. 9) most of the international organizations were formed with an intention of reconstructing Europe, which was seriously devastated after the war against Nazi Germany. Most of the International organizations that were formed after World War II became more active in the 1960 where their activities were expanded to meet the new challenges because of European colonization, which included independent but politically immature and poor nations in Latin America, African and Asia. Most of the international organizations were started in the 19the century. Owen (1996, p. 10) states that â€Å"More recently, with the uncertainties and instabilities which have followed the ending of the Cold War, international organizations have stepped in to cope with the effects of the resulting conflicts and tensions, many of them within states rather than between states n the process, many UN bodies have been found wanting. The office f the United Nations Disaster Relief Coordinator (UNDRO), for example was founded in 1971. † Some of the international organizations include regional Arab Maghreb Union (AMU), which was formed in 1989 with an objective of establishing common military, cultural and economic policies to ensure free movement of goods, services and people between member states. The Member nations of Arab Maghreb Union include Morocco, Libya, Algeria, Tunisia and Mauritania (Schafer, Verbist, Imhoos, 2005). Another International Organization is Asia Pacific Economic co-operation Forum (APEC) was formed in 1989 to promote linearization of economy in the Pacific region. Association of South East Asian nations (ASEAN) was formed in 1967 to replace ASA (Association of South East Asia). The member nations of ASEA include Australia, United States of America, Japan and New Zealand. The main objective of the organization is to promote common economic, political and trading policies. There is also another international organization in the name of Caribbean Community (CARICOM), which was formed in 1965 to ensure economic cooperation in Caribbean common market, to put in place common policies in education, health, culture, industrial relation and communication and to coordinate foreign policy among the member nations. The affiliations of the CARICOM according to Owen include â€Å"Caribbean Development Bank; Caribbean Examinations Council; Caribbean Meteorological Organization; Council of Legal Education; University of Guyana; University of the West Indies; West Indies Shipping Corporation†. The Common wealth is another important international organization that is in forefront trying to address contemporary global issues. Commonwealth was formed in 1884 and it grew out of the British Empire. The objectives of the Commonwealth are to enable nations from different parts of the world to exchange opinions in an informal, friendly and intimate atmosphere. Commonwealth has member nations, which according to Owen (1996, p. 11) include â€Å"Australia, Bahamas, Bangladesh, Barbados, Belize, Botswana, Brunei Darussalam, Canada, Cyprus, and Dominica. Others are: Gambia, Ghana, Grenada, Guyana, India, Jamaica, Kenya, Kiribati, Lesotho, Malawi, Malaysia, Maldives, Malta, Mauritius, Namibia, Nauru, New Zealand, Nigeria, Pakistan, Papua New Guinea, St Kitts-Nevis, St Lucia, St Vincent and the Grenadines, Seychelles, Sierra Leone, Singapore, Solomon Islands, South Africa, Sri Lanka, Swaziland, Tanzania, Tonga, Trinidad and Tobago, Tuvalu, Uganda, the United Kingdom, Vanuatu, Western Samoa, Zambia, Zimbabwe. † There are several other International organizations such as Commonwealth of Independent States, Council of Europe, European free trade association (EFTA), European union (EU), gulf co-operation council (GCC), Mercosur (Mercado Commun del Sur-southern common market), African union (AU), Organization of American States (OAS), Organization of the Islamic Conference (OIC), South Pacific Forum, Southern African Development Community (SADC) among others. According to Mendlovitz (1966, p5) â€Å"Law has too often been conceived in static terms as a system of order designed to uphold the status quo. In any legal system, whether national, regional, or global in scope, law also has a dynamic aspect which allows it to make a contribution to projects for social change. † Saul Mendlovitz further states that â€Å"international law to the postulated goal of a warless world with an excerpt from an article that considers how law might help us move from where we are to where we would like to be; it is this gap that creates what we have called the transition problem. In this new age, there has emerged a vas and ancient worldwide conspiracy called the New World Order, which aims to unite the entire world under one government. The New World Order concept was introduced into the dictionary of the international politics after the collapse of Communism in Eastern Europe (Slaughter, 2004). The former president of the United States of America George Bush was the first who strongly invoke the idea in response to the Gulf crisis. Therefore, the concept traced to 1991, when Iraq invaded Kuwait and when the cold war ended. According to Ismael (1994), he states that â€Å"Thus, the end of the cold war and Iraqs invasion of Kuwait in August 1991 constitute the historical reference points for the concept. This suggests at least two dimensions in its meaning: the end of an international order determined by the struggle for hegemony between the United States and the Soviet Union; and the initiation of a U. S. foreign policy doctrine based on U. S. hegemony in the international order. † When president George Bush was waging a war of words with the then the president of Iraq Saddam Hussein in 1990 he demonized him and referred to his effort as an attempt to establish a new world order (Wells, 2008). Many were excited by the effort of Bush at first because they thought the president of the United States was promoting democracy in the region as he had done in the Eastern Europe. Unfortunately that was not to be realized as Ishmael (1994) says, Bush was determined in establishing hegemony. The region after the gulf war in Iraq and Kuwait has remained unstable politically. According to Lloyd (2002, p. 1) New world Order was a fragile creation that emerged after September 11 attack. Lloyd states, â€Å"Before 11 September, the new (left) world order was a tentative, even fragile, creation. It emerged from new Labor in 1997 as an ethical dimension in foreign policy, announced by the then foreign secretary, Robin Cook, as a natural extension of the globes interdependence. The world had become a moral forum through the media and the work of non-governmental organizations (NGOs). † The world was at peace before the attack on the United States to the extent that most world leaders praised the state in which the world was. Some of the people who were at the forefront of the new idea of new world order are Robert cooper and Anthony Giddens, a senior diplomat and a director of the London school of Economics respectively. Giddens was for the idea that globalization could then take place because there was a state of peace that was a recipe to one global governance. The globalization, he argued would transfer power from the nations into the global space leading to the call for the need of regulation to guide the governance. Copper on the other hand argued that new world order will lead to a shift in value where there will be a victory of values of individual of those of state and those of market over the military ones and foreign policy will no longer to be about war (Lloyd, 2002, p. 1). International court creation came in to being after two attempts to organize an international court had failed (Mower, 1931, p. 616). Before there was, a court called The Hague Permanent Court of International Arbitration, which could not provide the much-needed justice in the international level as the current International Criminal Court. Other international courts deal with different legal issues. For instance, there are courts that deal with human rights at the international level, which include African Court of Justice (ACJ), African Court on Human and Peoples’ Rights (ACHPR), European Court of Human Rights and International-American Court of Human rights. Others include International Court of Justice (ICJ), International Criminal Court (ICC), and Permanent Court of Arbitration (PCA), Resource materials on International Courts and Special International Criminal Courts and Tribunals. According to Class Action Publisher (2008), there are seven special international criminal courts and tribunal, which include Extraordinary Chambers in the Courts of Cambodia (ECCC), International Criminal tribunal for the former Yugoslavia (ICTY) and International Criminal Tribunal for Rwanda (ICTR). Others are â€Å"Regulation 64† Panels in the Courts of Kosovo, special Courts for Sierra Leone, Special panels of the District Court of Dili (East Timor) and War Crimes Chambers (WCC) in Sarajevo- within the state court. All these international courts have well designed objective and operation guidelines. International criminal Court established in 1998 by Rome statute and it is the first permanent court to hear international criminal claim. The court has a role to hear cases that are regarded as most serious such as crime against humanity, war crimes and genocide (Janis, 1992). It does not deal with cases that occurred prior it its institution but only to those crimes that have been committed after July 1, 2002. ICC does not deal with cases that have been committed by legal entities but natural persons. It can act on cases when the cases have been referred to it by the United Nations’ Security Council or with consent of the affected state. The International Criminal Court takes up a case or jurisdiction only as the last resort when all the national avenues have been completely exhausted (Buhler Webster, 2005). The nations have been endowed with the responsibility of international crimes but when a state is unwilling to pursue justice, delays in pursuing justice or it shows impartiality of dealing with international crimes then the ICC takes up the matter. This may also result from unavailability of proper judicial system or if the state is unable to carry out the proceeding. Over one hundred nations worldwide subscribe to the Rome statute that established the ICC exclusive of the United States of America. United States revoked the signature of the former president Bill Clinton that was due to lack of checks and balance of the ICC. The ICC gives considerable rights to victims which include attending the proceeding of the court have having their concerns considered; being represented by counsel and interrogating witnesses; seeking monetary compensation after conviction and seeking preservation of defendant assets pending trial. The ICC has four major organs namely judicial divisions, the presidency, office of the prosecutor and the registry, which have different roles that help the court to achieve its objectives (Schafer, Verbist Imhoos, 2005). The international courts have been able to provide effective enforcement of international legal instruments in different countries. Many countries have suffered from the art of war, which have seen many people suffer thereby depriving them of their human rights. Individuals for their own personal and selfish reasons started some of the wars that have caused suffering to citizens of the affected nations. Being well connected to the political order of the day most perpetrators of the crimes that lead to the abuse of human right cannot be properly persecuted in their respective countries. Other reasons that have made it possible for the perpetrators of the crime of high magnitude is the fact that most countries where such crimes are committed lack proper judicial system that is independent, impartial and ineffective. This has led to transfer of many cases to the international courts or to the ICC (Barker, 2004. ) International Criminal Tribunal for Rwanda is an existing testimony to the effectiveness of the International Courts. In Rwanda where the conflict started between the Tutsi and the Hutu tribes in 1994, many people belonging to the Tutsi tribe were killed in the Genocide. The total number of the Tutsi that were killed is estimated to be over five hundred thousand people. In response to the crime, the United Nation Security Council created the International Criminal Tribunal for Rwanda in November of 1994 to prosecute crimes genocide and violation of the Geneva Convention. The ICTR is a subsidiary organ under chapter VII of the United Nations Charter of the Security Council under article 29 (Barker, 2004). International Criminal Tribunal for Rwanda has completed over fifty trials so far and of the accused persons, 29 have been convicted of crime (Klip Sluiter, 200). About eleven people are on trial, others waiting trial, some are to be transferred to the national jurisdiction trial while others are still unconfined. The first person was tried three years after the formation of the International Criminal Tribunal for Rwanda in 1997 and he was Jean-Paul Akayesu. Jean Kambanda also pleaded guilty after wards. The tribunal has also issued arrest warrant to some suspects that are thought to have played a role or orchestrated the genocide like Kabuga Felicien. International Criminal Tribunal for Rwanda issued an international arrest warrant for Felicien in 1999 where he was charged with complicity in genocide, genocide and conspiracy to commit genocide. The action of the international court in Rwandan genocide has achieved a lot in the nation and it has sent a clear message to the whole world. With arrest, trial and judgment of the suspects of the unfortunate occurrence, peace and order has been restored in Kigali because the Tutsi who were the main victim of all sorts of crime committed feel that justice has finally prevailed and cannot think of revenge and other notions that might lead to civil war again. The action has also sent a right signal to anybody in Ruanda and all over the world that any perpetrators of such crime will not escape the long arm of justice. Therefore, in reality International Court has succeeded in pursuing justice and is in the right path of ensuring that there is a peaceful planet where the innocent are vindicated while the guilty are condemned (Klip Sluiter, 200).

Essay --

Rosie the Riveter is a cultural icon of the United States whom represented the women who worked in factories during World War II, many of whom produced military equipment and war supplies. These women sometimes took entirely new jobs replacing the male workers who were in the military. The symbol of feminism and women's economic power was often amplified through Rosie the Riveter. "Rosie the Riveter" was a popular phrase first used in 1942 in a song of the same name written by Redd Evans. Auto factories were converted to build airplanes, shipyards were expanded, and new factories were built, and all these facilities needed workers. While the men were busy fighting in war, women were dominant in assistance. Companies took the idea of hiring women seriously. Eventually, women were needed because companies were signing large, lucrative contracts with the government just as all the men were leaving for the service. The various elements or figures of Rosie was based on a group of women, m ost of whom were named Rose. Many of these women named "Rose" varied in class, ethnicity, geography, and background diversity. One specially, who's had the biggest impact of all Rosie's was Rose Will Monroe. Rose Will Monroe, the most influential "Rosie" at the time, represented women during World War II by working most of her time in a Michigan factory. Primarily, in December 1941, Pearl Harbor was bombed by the Japanese and was the time span with full integration of the United States. As a result, the U.S military proliferated male work force to accumulate ranks. America was in desperation for factory out out and military equipment increased. Many adversities agencies, one specifically J.Walter Thompson, assisted the United States government with c... ...n everywhere. The song truly hit how America was at the time. The pain verse of the song goes,"that little frail girl can do/more than a man can do." Long before she was a sensational Hollywood star, Marilyn "Rose" Monroe served as a "Rosie" at just the age of nineteen. Marilyn Monroe worked at a Radioplane Munition factory. A famous photographer named David Conover had a job of capturing pictures of women working on the workforce. Conover came across Marilyn Monroe and was captured by her beauty. Eventually as time escalated, Marilyn Monroe began modeling as a military work woman and soon her fame began to arise. Marilyn Monroe helped expose the need for women in the workfare at the time. In light of Rosie the Riveter, Rose Will Monroe, the most influential "Rosie" at the time, represented women during World War II by working most of her time in a Michigan factory.

Global and Indian Fashion Houses

Global Fashion Giants: Gucci and Louis Vuitton In order to understand the key success factors required for any fashion powerhouse to succeed in the global scenario, we decided to look at two of the world’s largest fashion conglomerates – Gucci and Louis Vuitton. We looked at the evolution of these companies and also at the different strategies these companies have employed over time to achieve the position in the world fashion market they have today. This analysis helped us in figuring out the feasibility of a similar fashion powerhouse emerging from a country like India. The complete listing of our findings from these 2 companies from the cases we analyzed is given in Exhibit 1. Shanghai Tang – the Chinese lifestyle brand After looking at the cases of the 2 global giants, we figured that the context and market in which these companies have operated are completely different from what the same would be for a company emerging from India. In order to understand the aspects of establishing a fashion powerhouse in an Indian context, we took a look at Shanghai Tang, the leading Chinese lifestyle brand. Similar to India, the Chinese market also has a niche segment in the global fashion market, and hence the learning from this company helped us better understand the issues, challenges, key success factors, etc. , for a fashion powerhouse emerging from India. Our findings from analysis of the Shanghai Tang company are given in Exhibit 2. Names in Indian Fashion Although the Indian fashion industry is projected to grow at a high rate of close to 10%, the industry is still largely fragmented with no major fashion powerhouse that provides holistic fashion solutions to its customers. There is still no single fashion house to compete with companies like Gucci or Louis Vuitton. Though there are a lot of individual designers with famous international icons in their list of clientele, none of them seem to have the potential to emerge as a global fashion powerhouse in the near future. An important noticeable trend in Indian fashion houses so far is that most of them are limited to clothes, whereas in order to emerge as a global fashion powerhouse, one needs to have a wide range of fashion goods and brands in their portfolio. In this sense, only JJ Valaya’s â€Å"House of Valaya† omes close to being called an Indian fashion powerhouse, with four brands in their portfolio offering haute couture, footwear, cuisine, furniture, tapestries, stunning fabrics and home furnishings. Some of the leading names in fashion in India today are JJ Valaya, Ritu Kumar, Ritu Beri, Rohit Bal, Manish Malhotra, Manish Arora, Rina Dhaka, Tarun Tahiliani, Abu Jani and Sandeep Kh osla and Wendell Rodricks. A brief account of these names and list of notable clientele is given in Exhibit 3. ? Exhibit 1: Global Fashion Giants: Gucci and Louis Vuitton Case Study: Rise of Gucci Gucci or House of Gucci has a rich history. Founded way back in 1923 as a family run leather saddler shop, this company’s reputation soared high right from the start because of its high quality products. After 15 years, they established their first retail outlet in Rome outside Florence. From the modest beginnings of a small family owned shop, Gucci has come a long way to become a leading name in fashion today, with over 400 stores around the world in different countries. There are also several high-end department stores that house Gucci in their shelves today. Portfolio: Premium leather products such as wallets, bags, car upholstery, clothing and also other fashion items like jewelry, watches, eyewear, ties, perfume, etc. Winning strategy: In the early 1990s, Tom Ford, the CEO of Gucci then put a strategy in place that completely turned the company around and propelled it to the global market, making it the notable fashion label it is today. Elements of the employed strategy are briefly mentioned below: Pricing: Positioning themselves in the right segment ?Lowered prices of all items at an average rate of 30%, bringing their products closer to Prada and Louis Vuitton ? Lowering prices changed Gucci’s image as a more customer oriented company Brand makeover: Coming up with the â€Å"right† product mix ?Shifted focus of products from classic to fashion, thereby changing customer’s perception towards a more glamorous edge ? Completely got rid of low-end products and maintained standard portfolio across the globe Marketing: Changing the theme of advertising ?Greatly increased expenditure on advertising and also changed focus from product to brand ? Associated product with several international personalities, thereby gaining attention from the press Distribution: full-fledged integration ?Forward Integration: Greater control of the distribution process oRemoved distribution channel and setup Directly Operating Stores (DOS) in prime areas oTook over all franchisees in North America ?Backward Integration: Greater control over sourcing oTook over Di Modolo design studio and production facilities ? Acquisitions: More products/brands oBranching out to a multi brand group oAcquired Yves Saint Laurent, Sergio Rossi, YSL Beaute and Boucheron Star Designer Strategy: ?Tom Ford made an iconic symbol for Gucci Case Study: Louis Vuitton Louis Vuitton is one of the oldest French fashion houses. Established in 1854 by Louis Vuitton as a company making flat-bottom trunks with trianon canvas, LV has come a long way to build the iconic brand of Louis Vuitton that holds a huge share in the world fashion market today. Portfolio: Luggage bags, purses, wallets, jewelry, watches, footwear Winning Strategy: The Louis Vuitton strategy has more or less remained the same over the ages, with even their portfolio remaining quite similar since the days of its inception. Let us now look at the different elements of LV’s strategy that ave helped it become the global fashion powerhouse and international influencer of fashion that it is today. Pricing: Communicating high value through high price ?Pricing products very high ?Never offering any price cuts or discount sales Brand makeover: 29th most valuable brand in the world ?Showcasing at famous exhibitions ?Marketing campaigns with celebrities Product: Quality, Quality and Quali ty! ?Remarkable focus on even the smallest of details ?High focus on IPR ?No attempts at production of cheap goods ?Use of latest, state-of-the-art technology Service: ?Lets customers customize their orders ?Delivers to the doorstep Marketing: ?Publicity through word-of-mouth and PR through mass media, never uses television ? Associates brand with famous personalities ?Throws flamboyant parties to attract media attention Distribution: Limited Distribution ?Distribution channels entirely company owned, with products sold only in company owned boutiques or reputed department stores ? Maintains brand image and value through company owned channel ? Company places boutiques in prime locations, also helping in publicity Star Designer Strategy: Marc Jacobs – Face of Louis Vuitton ? Updated and refreshed the company’s image as a luggage maker to one of the most fashionable ready-to-wear and accessories. ?Recreated a brand targeted to younger customers with trendy and fashion-forward look. Exhibit 2: Learning from Shanghai Tang Background: Shanghai Tang is a leading Chinese lifestyle brand. The company was established by David Tang whose main objective was to revive the Chinese traditional fashion and introduce it to the national market, and later go on to become global. Shanghai Tang had a great advantage in the form of backing by a leading Swiss luxury fashion conglomerate – Compagnie Financiere Richemont SA. Since this conglomerate had several famous luxury fashion brands in its portfolio, it helped Shanghai Tang a lot in terms of best practices sharing. Problems faced: ?Went straight into the American/European market without gaining a foothold in the Chinese market, which saw their brand facing huge failure abroad ? Did not fare well in foreign community as brand was mostly traditional Chinese merchandize ? No proper standing in European and American markets High price not justified in the Chinese market due to lack of standing in foreign markets New Strategy: Conquer your home before going out ?Main strategy – Capture local market before going global ? Main goal – be the ambassador of the modern Chinese styles ? Main motive – Reintroduce traditional Chinese aesthetics to the new consumer audience Relevance to Indian f ashion scenario: ?Presence of a niche market for Indian fashion in global markets, similar to Chinese fashion ? Similar, much localized flavor which must be paid attention to while designing an international fashion brand Exhibit 3: An account of the Indian fashion houses JJ Valaya Often referred to as the ‘Monarch of Indian Fashion', Valaya’s house of fashion is possible the only Indian fashion house that comes close to being called a fashion powerhouse. His collection of hand embroideries and exquisite bridal trousseau are a rage in the fashion world globally. His label that was established almost three decades earlier still has strong grip of the market and excels in wedding attires and evening wears, for both men and women. Career and success: JJ Valaya was the first designer to host a solo fashion show in India. He was also the first Indian designer to showcase his collection along with prominent International Designer Todd Oldham. Hand in hand with brother, TJ Singh's entrepreneurial abilities, he launched his brand â€Å"JJ Valaya† in 1991. His brand consisted of Couture line of attire, which gained great accolades from the fashion fraternity. This was followed by â€Å"Valaya Home† in 1996 and a pret label â€Å"Studio Valaya† in 1999. In September 2006, House of Valaya entered into a licensing agreement with Genesis Color Private Ltd to design and manufacture its diffusion label â€Å"Valaya Quantum†. Valaya's novelty and his brother's entrepreneurial capabilities have made the House of Valaya a pioneer in the Indian fashion Industry. He is a founder member on the Board of Governors of the Fashion Design Council of India (FDCI) and the Official Brand Ambassador for Swarovski, India. Brand and Clientele: House of Valaya is one of India's most respected fashion houses. It not only caters to fashion lovers, but also provides a whole lot of luxury products, such as furniture, tapestries, stunning fabrics and home furnishings, haute couture and footwear, apart from cuisine. JJ Valaya has several successful solo fashion shows in his kitty, including the ones in New York, London, Paris, Dubai, Singapore, Hong Kong and Johannesburg as well as in most major Indian cities. He also made an entry into Bollywood, with the film Yaadein. Ritu Kumar An icon of the Indian Fashion industry and a frontrunner in establishing a position for India in the global forum, Ritu Kumar's contribution has been impeccable to the fashion fraternity, both nationally and internationally. With almost five decades of work for display, the designer excels in both traditional and western outfits, though ethnic attires are her specialty. She was the first women to bring the boutique culture to India, under the name â€Å"Ritu†. Career and success: Starting at a smaller scale, Ritu Kumar has diversified her works of art globally. Though she excels in contemporary and classic style, she has also evolved indo-western fusion to attract the gamut of European buyers. Some of her global achievements include the wardrobes for Miss India, for participation in the International beauty pageants like Miss Universe, Miss World & Miss Asia Pacific, respectively. Brand and Clientele: The brand â€Å"Ritu† has acquired great accolades internationally. The designer has not only restrained her work to the fashion industry, but has also dived into the other sectors that offer luxury to the people. The brand also launched a fragrance by the name â€Å"the tree of life†. In April 2002, Ritu Kumar launched her new sub brand, ‘LABEL'. She has twelve outlets in India, which offer a range of products from the conventional to the contemporary. Ritu Beri Ritu Beri is one of the top Indian fashion designers who have been continuously serving Indian fashion industry with her feminine and funky designer apparels. Career and success: Fashion designer Ritu Beri has made a consistent progress in her life. She started off by designing clothes for friends and relatives. Later on in 1990 she made her first move towards establishing her own fashion studio ‘Lavanya' from where she designed her maiden collection, a couple of which were instantly sold. Influenced by India's rich cultural heritage she has come up with the most splendid designs. She has also been given the challenge of designing for Indian counterpart in the curtain Raiser ceremony of Olympics at Atlanta. Apart from being a fabulous and top fashion designer she is a very good human being. She has got the heart of gold. She is highly compassionate for animals for which she has also started a project called ‘Caring means sharing'. The funds raised through this collection would go for animal care. This collection would exhibit a wide array of products. This charming woman has the fire to make a difference in the fashion world. Brand and Clientele: She started participating in International Fashion shows under the brand name of Ritu Beri since 1998. Her notable international clients are former US President Bill Clinton, Prince Charles, Moulin Rouge, Nicole Kidman, Hollywood actress Andy McDowell, Supermodel Laetitia Casta, famous Parisian Socialite Mrs. Lagerdere, Langes Swarovski & The Swarovski family, Elizabeth Jagger and Jerry Hall. Her notable Indian clients are Madhuri Dixit, Rani Mukherji, Preity Zinta, Parmeshwar Godrej & Shobha De. Manish Malhotra Fashion designer Manish Malhotra, a passionate fashion savvy has made his special position in the Indian film Industry. He has beautified the Indian film star celebrities with his impeccable designer outfits. Indian designer Manish Malhotra entered into the Bollywood parlance by designing wardrobe for Juhi Chawla. In the list of top young celebrity fashion designers, he is the most shining star who has been successful in earning both name and fame. Career and success: Manish Malhotra is truly a master of fashion and has achieved a tremendous appreciation. His work has been honored with various awards like Filmfare Award, Showtime Opinion Poll Award, Siemens’ Viewer's Choice Award, Bollywood Award and the Lux-Zee Cine Award. He is continuously delivering quality work for fashion boutique ‘Reverie' with which he is associated since 1998. This budding star of yesterday has truly become the pride of Bollywood. Brand and Clientele: Manish has designed costumes for almost all top actresses from sensuous Sridevi, Urmila Matondkar, Shilpa Shetty, and Manisha Koirala to elegant and graceful Aishwarya Rai, Rani Mukherjee and Preity Zinta. Manish has made an incredible contribution to various Blockbuster light comedy films like Rangeela to romantic movies like Dil To Pagal Hai, Kaho Na Pyar Hai and Dilwale Dulhaniya Le Jayenge. The highlights of Manish's career also include designs for Michael Jackson and British super model Naomi Campbell. The high-profile couture store ‘Reverie – Manish Malhotra' launched by him in 1998 was set up in association with industrialists Yash and Avati Birla which further received a tremendous response and the cream of Mumbai high society and rich non-resident Indians become his clients. Tarun Tahiliani Tarun Tahiliani is a Bollywood celebrity costume designer who is extremely inspired by ethnic styles. Tarun Tahiliani started off as a fashion retailer by establishing his own fashion boutique in Mumbai and later went on to start his own brand label called ‘Ahilian'. Career and success: Tarun Tahiliani is a Bollywood celebrity costume designer who has always been in the limelight. Extremely inspired by ethnic styles, fashion designer Tarun Tahiliani is of the opinion that Sari is the most elegant dress that has a great dazzling effect. He thinks it is the most apt apparel for sensuous look and brings out the beauty of India women in the most attractive manner. He experiments with colors and fabrics and comes up with his own unique classy designs. According to him Sari has the capability of arousing sensation. He is simply fascinated by Chikan embroidery of Lucknow and is often incorporated in his designs. He also makes use of beads and semi precious stones to embellish the ensemble. He strongly believes that fashion is all about your comfort level with a particular attire. Brand and Clientele: He has designed apparels for the Indian celebrities like Simi Garewal, Katrina Kaif, Deepika Padukone, Minisha Lamba, and Shilpa Shetty. The highlights of his designs are: block printing, bandhini styles, beautiful color combination and rich silhouettes. His bridal collection for both men and women is highly sought after by the rich Indian and the NRI clients. He also designs bags and also does event and interior designing for marriages Rohit Bal Style is the mantra for Rohit Bal, the fashion designer from the enduring valley of Kashmir. The â€Å"Bad Boy† of the fashion world, as Rohit Bal is popularly called, is known for his sophisticated cuts and breathing fabrics. He weaves in the best for both men and women. His creations are a reflection of his own personality- not restrained by any norms. Rohit Bal's creative mind gives a true bent of spirit in his work as well. Being christened by the Times magazine as the â€Å"Master of Fabric and Fantasy†, he purely live up to the expectations of being among the bandwagon of the Indian fashion industry leaders. Subtle in his choice of colors, Rohit prefers to use pastels and earthy tones to dress up his men and women. However, there is no one-signature style that the designer sticks to. Career and success: It was Rohit Bal's first collection which brought success to this talented designer and since then, there has been no looking back. He has made a name globally. Rohit Bal has designed outfits using almost all fabrics. Even Khadi (Indian handloom textile) has been used by the immensely talented designer, to create exclusivity for the raw product and a demand in the market. Rohit has held shows in New York, London, Dubai, Singapore and Paris, including Paris Fashion Week. Rohit Bal was also chosen by the Khadi Gram Udyog, the largest handloom textile operation in India, to work with them. Rohit bagged the ‘Designer of the Year' award at the Indian Fashion Awards in 2006. He was also made ‘Designer of the Year' at the Kingfisher Fashion Achievement Awards in 2001. His line of designer clothes has been sold at even 15000 USD. His style is innovative and inventive and he does not shy away from having popular legends, history, fantasy or folklore on the outfits. Brand and Clientele: The brand â€Å"Rohit Bal† created by the designer has been doing wonders in the fashion scenario. He has opened up a flagship store in Delhi and positioning stores at other places like Mumbai, Bangalore, Ahmedabad, Kolkata and Chennai as well. He also plans to open up stores in Middle East and Europe. After making a name for himself in the fashion fraternity, Rohit has also ventured into the designing jewellery for Kirtilals. He also plans to design and launch men's fashion accessories like cufflinks. The clientele list of this ace designer is a long one, some being celebrities like Uma Thurman, Cindy Crawford, Pamela Anderson, Naomi Campbell and Anna Kournikova. Most of his fashion shows in India, New York, Paris and Singapore are sponsored by The Swatch Group and he is also the brand ambassador for their Omega Watches, since 2001. Abu Jani and Sandeep Khosla Contemporary styles and the revival of bygone works of art molded neatly into modern fashion brocade! This is what Abu Jani and Sandeep Khosla are all about. The duo has made it to the fashion circuit with their sheer talent and inventive potentials of a designer. â€Å"The boys†, as the duo are famously known, have made ethnic apparels with a fresh flavor of trends that comes on year after year. To bring in a resurgence of traditional works of art, the duo has traveled to the remotest area, grasped the art and beautifully executed it in their finest of collections. Abu Jani and Sandeep Khosla are among the few people who have made it big globally. The duo was the first to bring out its collection at Harrods. Career and success: Abu Jani and Sandeep Khosla started with a humble beginning and launched their creative line ‘Mata Hari'. Soon, the magic of traditional and modern art captivated the interest of all and they launched themselves into the international forum. Their launch into the global forum was with a range of shawls, under the brand name of ‘Shakira Caine' mark at Harvey Nichols, Neiman Marcus and Harrods in London, along with Bergdof Goodman in New York and Knightsbridge in UK. Abu Jani and Sandeep Khosla's designer label â€Å"Jashan†, launched in 1989, was previewed at the ‘Save the Children' Charity fundraising ball in London. In December 2003, they won the national award for designing some of the fabulous attires for the movie Devdas, which they had designed for Madhuri Dixit, Shahrukh Khan and Jackie Shroff. Brand and Clientele: Their clientele list includes the who's who of the film fraternity, of both Bollywood and Hollywood. Besides British Prime Minister Gordon Brown's wife, the designer duo also has dressed celebrities like Dame Judi Dench, Dame Maggie Smith, Darcey Bussell, and Sophie Marceau, as its international clients. Apart from creating apparels, Abu Jani and Sandeep Khosla have also ventured into the platform of interior designing, making a mark in this aspect as well. They have designed homes of celebrities like Amitabh Bachchan and Jaya Bachchan, Dimple Kapadia and Nikhil and Shewta Nanda. The duo has its retail flagship stores at Mumbai, Bangalore and Delhi. The beautiful and stunning designs of Abu Jani and Sandeep Khosla bring in a feel of traditionalism, within the realms of modernity. Wendell Roderick Wendell Roderick is among the few designers who are obsessed with Indian fashion with his art designs drawing inspiration from ancient India. One can be sure that his clothes would have no heavy embroideries and no stiff clothes. They would be easy to carry, yet give that elegant look that one aspires to have. Wendell Roderick's clothes could be worn at society at large. His aim, to create a place for Goa in the world map of fashion, has been triumphant only because of his sheer hard work and successful fashion shows. Career and success: It was in 1990 that the designer launched his own label ‘Wendell Roderick'. Three years later after launching his own label, Wendell Roderick shifted base to Goa, creating splendid collections every time, mostly inspired by Tibetan Monasteries, Tribal symbols of Shiva and Vishnu, the Harem at Istanbul, Tattoos of the Lambadi tribe and Clothing the Soul. Wendell Roderick was the first Indian who had got an opportunity to display his collection at the world's largest garment fair at IGEDO, Dusseldorf. Apart from designing, he is also concerned with other sectors of the industry, like addressing on World Costume History, lettering for the country's leading women's magazine, Chairman of the courses committee at the Board of Technical Education, appointed by the Government of Goa, and member Advisory Board of Fashion Institutes and Lakme Fashion Week. He is also a Patron of the Kasturba Gandhi Memorial Trust, Goa that promotes handspun Khadi. Wendell retails at country's best stores, including the celebrated Wendell Rodricks Design Space in Panjim. Brand and Clientele: Wendell Roderick has done a lot of work state of Goa. He has designed uniforms for the Goa State Traffic Police, the Four Seasons, the Goa Marriott Resort, the Vasco Sports Club football team and the staff of the Goa Tourism Development Corporation. Internationally, he was involved with designing advertisements for Wellspun, Delsey, SWATCH Bijoux, Breguet and Raymond Weil. He has earned a lot of recognition in the fashion circuit and has amused people with the simplicity projected in his designs. ELLE's Nirja Shah, models like Achla Sachdev and Nina Manuel keep raving at his designs. The designer has also worked with renowned Kathak dancer Daksha Sheth. Right now, he plans to launch a book on Goa's clothing tradition. Rina Dhaka he ‘Goddess of Oomph' of Indian fashion, designer Rina Dhaka styles clothes with a lot of fun. Being in the industry for quite some time, Rina feels that globalization has opened up avenues for young and dynamic women and with it, the options of women designers as well. To be in sync with demand for comfortable, yet stylish outfits for offices, designers are trying out all possibilities of being creative. Rina Dhaka emphasizes silhouette and is willing to take risks. In one collection, she mixed fur and boots with her Indian outfits, to create a unique look. Every time, Dhaka tries to give four to five looks to in her collection. Career and success: It was very early in her career when Rina got accolades for one of her design for the Miss India event from Rohit Khosla, the only ingenious designer of that time. The encouragement acted as a booster for Rina, who was all the more excited to bring out the best in her. Her first show in Singapore â€Å"The Best of Indian Haute Couture† met with a thumping success. Rina has also won a Yuva Rattan award in career, which is spread over almost three decades now. She is best known for her theme collections – sheer trousers, crochet, stretch jersey, woolens and spider web motifs. Western wear still remains an area of dominance, though she also designs ethnic and conventional attires. She prides on the fact that her pieces can be worn as separates. Attaining a lot of success nationally, Dhaka has also achieved accredits internationally. Her works were featured in magazines, such as Vogue and Elle. Brand and Clientele: Rina Dhaka has her collections, under the label ‘Rina Dhaka', in stores like Carma-Delhi, Design Studio-Mumbai, Kimaya-Mumbai, Selfridges-London, Coin-Italy and Lord and Taylor-New York. She has also opened a studio in Hauz Khaz village for Lycra in Delhi. The clientele list of this bold designer includes eminent personalities such as Naomi Campbell, Uma Thruman, Susan Fales Hill, Molly Simns, Tara Palmen Tomkison, Lara Dutta, and Diana Hayden. Her work has been featured in publications such as Marie Claire Paris, Madame Figaro Paris, Vogue London, New York Post, Vanity Fair, etc. Manish Arora Manish Arora is an Indian fashion designer based in New Delhi. In early 2011, he was appointed as creative director of the womenswear collection of the French fashion house Paco Rabanne. Born and brought up in Bombay (now Mumbai), Manish was studying to graduate in Commerce, when he decided to change his career path and applied for the National Institute of Fashion Technology in New Delhi. He graduated in 1994 after winning the Best Student Award. Career and success: In 1997 Manish Arora launched his own label â€Å"Manish Arora† and started retailing in India. Three years later, Manish participated in the first-ever India Fashion Week held in New Delhi and represented India at the Hong Kong Fashion Week. Arora launched his second label, â€Å"Fish Fry†, in 2001. This colorful, sportswear-styled line was created in association with the athletic apparel manufacturer Reebok. During 2002 Manish opened his first flagship store, Manish Arora Fish Fry, in New Delhi and in the following year opened a second store in Mumbai. Another successful showing at India Fashion Week (2003) led to a stocking deal with the fashion house Maria Luisa (Paris) and the beginning of a successful export business. He had a successful debut at the London Fashion Week in September 2005 and received an overwhelming response from the press as well as the buyers. Manish opened his first Manish Arora franchise store in Villa Moda, Kuwait and another Manish Arora Fish Fry store at Crescent, New Delhi in 2006. In 2007 the first Fish Fry for Reebok concept store opened at the Garden of Five Senses, New Delhi, and Arora teamed up with make-up and cosmetics giant MAC for designing a signature collection. He has also collaborated with Swatch for a limited edition of watches. In 2008, once again, Reebok launched the ‘RBK Fish Fry Collection 2008', an exclusive lifestyle range designed by Manish Arora. Indian by Manish Arora†, a brand designed for the growing Indian market for women's wear, is licensed to another fashion company. Manish was invited to show his collection at the â€Å"Fashion in Motion† exhibition held at Victoria and Albert Museum, London in September 2007. By 2009 Manish owned four stores in India and sold his collections to more than 80 retailers worldwide. Brand and Clientele: The three famous brands of Manish Ar ora are – Manish Arora, Fish Fry and Paco Rabanne. In terms of clientele, Manish Arora is mostly associated with pop divas like Katy Perry, Rihanna and Lady Gaga and other international A list celeb clients